關係子句講義

1. 相關詞彙定義：

A. 關係代名詞：同時具有連接詞及代名詞兩種功用（簡稱關代）

(1) who：代「人」

(2) which：代「事物」、「動物」

(3) that：皆可

B. 關係子句：由關係代名詞所帶領的子句，具有形容詞的功用，所以又另稱形容詞子句

C. 先行詞：關係代名詞前所形容的名詞

2. 關代可否省略的時機：

A. 可省略：(1)關係子句中已有主詞，關代不當主詞時 (2)關代雖當主詞用，和beV.一起省略

例：I know the girl (who) you’re talking about.  I know the girl (who is) next to you.

B. 不可省略：(1)關代當主詞用，後接一般動詞 (2)關代當受詞用，前面有介系詞

例：I know the girl who sings the song well.  I know the girl to whom you’re talking about.

3. 關代的人稱、數必須和先行詞一致

例：I, who       your friend, will help you.  You, who       my friend, can understand me.

4. 關代的「格」：須看關代在關係子句中的位置而定。如為主詞，則用主格（後接動詞）；如為動詞或介系詞的受詞，則用受格；如為形容詞（…的；後接名詞），則用「所有格」

例：This is the woman     wants to see you. (  格)  This is the woman     Tom wants to see. (　格)

    Is this the key     you are looking for? (　格)  He has a girlfriend     father is a doctor. (　格)

5. 關代that必用及不可用的時機：

A. 必用：

(1) 先行詞前有「最高級」形容詞時：He is the tallest boy that I have ever met.

(2) 先行詞是「人和動物或事物」時：I saw Mary and her dog that were walking in the park.

(3) 先行詞前有「序數」時：He is the first boy that came this morning.

(4) 先行詞前有 “all, no, every, any, the only, the same, the very” 時

(5) 疑問句開頭是who, which，為避免重覆時：Who’s the boy that is sitting under the tree?

B. 不可用：

(1)「介系詞」後面：This is the house in that he lives. (x) 需改成　　　

(2)「逗點」後面：Your brother, that is a PE teacher, can run fast. (x) 需改成     

(3)先行詞為people及those的句子：People that are nice will help others. (x) 需改成     

6. 關係子句的「限定用法」及「補述用法」：注意逗點的使用

A. 限定用法：My sister who is in England will come back tomorrow.    姐姐不只一個

B. 補述用法：My sister, who is in England, will come back tomorrow.     姐姐只有一個

7. 複合關係代名詞what：包含先行詞和關代，所以what之前絕無先行詞，常翻譯為「所…的」「所…的東西、事」「所…的話」(=the thing(s) which/that)

例：This is the thing which (that) I want. = This is what I want. (這就是我要的「東西」)

       The thing which (that) she said is right. = What she said is right. (她說的是對的)

8. 關係副詞where：因其詞性為副詞，不能當作關係子句中的主詞或受詞 (=in/on/at/to + which)，所以where帶領的關係子句中一定另有主詞

例：John bought the house, which is beautiful. (o)

    John bought the house, where is beautiful. (x)

例：  This is the room.

      I study in the room.

This is the room which I study in.

    = This is the room in which I study. (介系詞可調到關代之前，此時關代要用受格)

    = This is the room where I study. (in which = where)

Practice:

一、填入適當的關代：

1. I met the woman                     I love.

2. This is the sweater                     I bought on Saturday.

3. Have you found the money                     you lost?

4. Who is the man                     drives fast?

5. I know the old man and his dog                     are running over there.

6. He is the man to                     I spoke yesterday.

7. Are these all the letters                     came this morning?

8. He’s the boy                     doesn’t have any brothers and sisters.

9. I like the computer                     is fast and easy.

10. This is the most difficult math problem                     I have ever solved. 

二、合併句子：

二個句子若有「因果」、「時間先後」、「身份、特質或動作」等關係時，需照下表三大原則合併；若無，則可任意合併：

1. I know the man.  The man wears glasses.

2. Here is a book.  The book is about sports.

3. Do you see the watch?  I bought the watch yesterday.

4. The woman is my mother.  The woman is cooking in the kitchen.

5. The computer game is exciting.  I’m playing the computer game.

三、翻譯：

翻譯三大步驟：

1. 先找出「的」，再判斷出關係子句的開頭（用括號標記）

2. 先寫剩下的部分（主要子句）

3. 再寫關係子句，由關代帶領，切記需緊跟在先行詞之後

1.      那個正在看電視的男孩是我的哥哥。

2.      湯姆遇見的那個女孩很漂亮。

3.      瑪麗昨天唱的那首歌很棒。

4.      Tina討厭那個戴眼鏡的小孩。

(by Irene Lin)

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